Hazards of Improper Use - Hoist Knowledge Points (Part 2)

2016-03-24 09:00

According to: Safety Technical Specification for Lifting and Hoisting in Building Construction JGJ276-2012.

　　1. Hand-operated winches can only be used for lifting small components, pulling suspended items, or tightening guy ropes, etc. The steel wire rope's traction speed should be 0.5~3m/min, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed its rated traction force.

　　2. Electric winches must be used for hoisting large components. The steel wire rope's traction speed should be 7~13m/min, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed its rated traction force.

　　3. Before using the winch, each part should be thoroughly inspected to ensure that the ratchet device and brake are in good condition, the gearshift gears rotate correctly along the shaft, engage properly, have no abnormal noise, and are well lubricated. If any problems are found, they should be promptly repaired and resolved; otherwise, its use is strictly prohibited.

　　4. The winch should be installed outside the hoisting area, with a horizontal distance greater than the component's installation height. A protective shed should be erected to ensure that operators can clearly see the signals from the commanding personnel. When the component is hoisted to the installation position, the operator's line of sight elevation angle should be less than 45°.

　　5. The steel wire rope for hoisting should be perpendicular to the axis of the winch drum. The maximum deviation angle of the steel wire rope must not exceed 6°, and the distance from the guide pulley to the drum must not be less than 18m, nor less than 15 times the drum width.

　　6. When hoisting components, the drum used for lifting operations must retain at least 5 wraps of steel wire rope on it.

　　7. The electrical circuits of the winch should be regularly inspected to ensure good motor operation, effective electromagnetic brake and grounding safety, and no leakage.

During the operation of the winch, dust generation may lead to occupational diseases. Additionally, the mechanical movement of the winch can cause vibration, noise hazards, and mechanical injuries. All these factors contribute to unsafe conditions during the feeding operation. Dust, mechanical injury, and electric shock are its main occupational hazards.

(1) Dust, Noise

During the operation of the winch, dust is generated, and secondary dust may be caused when workers clean spilled material. Without protective measures, dust can be easily inhaled, affecting health. Furthermore, a certain amount of noise is produced during operation; if no noise reduction measures are taken, it will affect the physical and mental health of operators.

(2) Mechanical Injury

Winches have moving parts that, in the absence of protective covers or railings, can cause mechanical injuries when operators approach them. Furthermore, during winch inspection, due to being too close to operating equipment or poor lighting conditions, operators may be struck by moving parts or suffer rope crushing injuries.

(3) Fire, Explosion

Coke is a flammable substance that can cause fires when exposed to an ignition source. If coke dust concentration is within the explosive limits, it can explode when encountering sparks or static electricity.

(4) Struck by objects

If the winch steel wire rope breaks and is not replaced in time, it can lead to the collapse of the winch, injuring operators. Furthermore, operator errors or starting the winch without clearly hearing signals can cause material spillage and injury accidents.

(5) Electric Shock

If the winch's casing grounding device fails or the grounding resistance is too high, daily monitoring personnel may suffer electric shocks during inspection. Furthermore, due to aging or exposed wires, operators may experience electric shocks if they accidentally touch them.

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