Hoist placement, usage precautions, and safety regulations
2016-02-24 09:00
1. Winch Securing
The winch must be secured with ground anchors to prevent slippage or tipping during operation. There are four methods for securing the winch base depending on the magnitude of the force: bolt anchoring, horizontal anchoring, pile anchoring, and weight anchoring.
(a) Bolt anchoring method; (b) Horizontal anchoring method; (c) Pile anchoring method; (d) Weight anchoring method
1-Winch; 2-Foundation bolt; 3-Crossbar; 4-Tie rod; 5-Wooden pile; 6-Weight; 7-Pressure plate
2. Winch Placement
The placement (i.e., installation location) of the winch should consider the following points:
(1) The area around the winch installation location must have smooth drainage and a work shed should be set up;
(2) The winch installation location should allow operators to clearly see the command personnel and the object being lifted or dragged. The horizontal distance from the winch to the component installation location should be greater than the installation height of the component, i.e., when the component is lifted to the installation location, the operator's line of sight elevation angle should be less than 45°;
(3) A guide pulley should be installed in front of the winch. The distance from the guide pulley to the drum axis should be no less than 15 times the width of the grooved drum, i.e., the inclination angle α is no more than 2° (Figure 14-19). For a drum without grooves, the distance should be greater than 20 times the drum width to avoid excessive wear between the wire rope and the guide pulley flange;
(4) The direction of the wire rope entering the drum should be perpendicular to the drum axis, with an allowable deviation of 6°. This ensures that the wire rope coils are arranged neatly, preventing skewed winding and mutual overlapping and compression.
3. Winch Usage Precautions
(1) Before use, check the winch's fixation to the ground, and ensure that the flexible coupling is not loose. Check the safety devices, protective facilities, electrical wiring, grounding wire, braking device, and wire rope. Only after all checks are passed can the winch be used.
(2) Protective covers should be installed for parts using belts or open gears. Guide pulleys must not use open-type pull-plate pulleys.
(3) For winches with forward and reverse power, the drum rotation direction should be consistent with the direction indicated on the control switch.
(4) The winch must have a good grounding device, and the grounding resistance must not exceed 10Ω. Grounding and zeroing should not be mixed on one power supply network.
(5) Before using the winch, conduct a no-load forward and reverse rotation test 5 times to check for smooth operation, abnormal noises, whether the transmission braking mechanism is flexible and reliable, whether there is any loosening of fasteners and connections, and whether lubrication is good and there are no oil leaks.
(6) The selection of wire rope should comply with the original factory specifications. When all the wire rope on the drum is released, no less than 3 turns should be left; the end of the wire rope should be securely fixed; the distance from the outer periphery of the drum edge to the outermost layer of wire rope should be no less than 1.5 times the diameter of the wire rope.
(7) The wire rope should be firmly connected to the drum and the cage, and should not rub against the frame or the ground. When passing through roads, road protection devices should be installed.
(8) There should be no obstacles or jamming within the travel range of the winch brake operating lever.
(9) The wire rope on the drum should be arranged neatly. If overlapping or skewed winding occurs, stop the machine and rearrange it. It is strictly forbidden to pull or step on the wire rope while it is rotating.
(10) During operation, no one should cross the wire rope of the winch in operation. After the object is lifted, the operator should not leave the winch, and personnel are strictly prohibited from staying or passing under the object or cage. The object or cage should be lowered to the ground during breaks.
(11) If abnormal conditions such as unusual noises, inflexible operation, or a sharp increase in the temperature of the brake band or bearings are found during operation, stop the machine immediately, check, and eliminate the fault before using it again.
(12) In case of power failure or rest during operation, cut off the power and lower the lifted object or cage to the ground. The operator should lock the switch box when leaving the site.
The use of winches should comply with safety technical regulations:
Based on: Safety Technical Code for Construction Hoisting and Lifting JGJ276-2012.
1. Hand-cranked winches can only be used for lifting and dragging small components, or for tightening guy wires, etc. The wire rope traction speed should be 0.5~3m/min, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed its rated traction force.
2. For lifting large components, electric winches must be used. The wire rope traction speed should be 7~13m/min, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed its rated traction force.
3. Before using the winch, a detailed inspection of all parts should be carried out to ensure that the ratchet device and brake are intact, the speed change gears rotate along the axis, the meshing is correct, there is no noise, and the lubrication is good. If there are any problems, they should be repaired and resolved promptly; otherwise, use is strictly prohibited.
4. The winch should be installed outside the hoisting area, with a horizontal distance greater than the installation height of the component, and a protective shed should be set up to ensure that the operator can clearly see the signals of the command personnel. When the component is lifted to the installation location, the operator's line of sight elevation angle should be less than 45°.
5. The wire rope for lifting should be perpendicular to the axis of the winch drum. The maximum deviation angle of the wire rope should not exceed 6°, and the distance from the guide pulley to the drum should not be less than 18m, nor less than 15 times the width of the drum.
6. When lifting components, the drum used for lifting operations must retain at least 5 turns of wire rope.
7. The electrical wiring of the winch should be checked regularly to ensure that the motor runs smoothly, the electromagnetic brake and grounding are safe and effective, and there is no leakage.
Distance between the first guide pulley of the A-frame and the winch:
For grooved drums, the length of the wire rope is 15 times the drum width; for ungrooved drums, it is 20 times the drum width.
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